
Top 7 Roleplay Porn Sites [Actually Reviewed]
As someone who's spent years diving into the wild world of roleplay porn sites, I know firsthand how frustrating it can be to sift through the endless sea of low-quality platforms and disappointing scams that promise the world but deliver next to nothing. That's why I've made it my mission to cut through the noise—because, let's face it, your time and money deserve better than shady sites that crash mid-scene or lack variety.
With that in mind, I've personally tested dozens of roleplay sites, paying for memberships on the top contenders to evaluate everything from crystal-clear video quality and niche diversity to seamless user experiences and the reliability of the companies behind them. My approach is all about transparency and honesty; I call out the flaws and celebrate the wins based on real, hands-on research. After months of testing, comparing, and analyzing, these are the top 7 roleplay porn sites that actually deliver the immersive, high-quality fantasies you crave.
- Brazzers.com - Test Winner (Rating: 10/10)
- Bangbros.com - Runner-Up (Rating: 10/10)
- Realitykings.com - Best Variety of Content (Rating: 9/10)
- Brattysis.com - Best for Roleplay & Fetish Niches (Rating: 8/10)
- Mofos.com - Best for Amateur-Style Scenes (Rating: 8/10)
- Trueamateurs.com - Best Authentic Content (Rating: 7/10)
- Seancody.com - Best for Gay Content (Rating: 7/10)
Brazzers.com - Test Winner
Visit The Site NowPros
- Brazzers excels with its massive video library, boasting over 2,000 exclusive scenes that keep roleplay fantasies alive through scenarios like steamy office trysts or seductive doctor-patient encounters.
- High-definition quality across the board ensures every detail pops, from intricate costumes in teacher-student roleplays to the raw intensity of boss-employee dynamics.
- Regular fresh content drops, often twice weekly, mean roleplay enthusiasts get new material featuring top stars like Nicole Aniston in naughty nurse outfits or Keiran Lee in commanding authority figures.
- Seamless mobile compatibility lets you dive into roleplay adventures anywhere, with intuitive touch controls that make pausing a heated maid-master scene a breeze.
Cons
- Downloads aren't unlimited, which can be annoying if you're building a personal collection of favorite roleplay clips, like those elaborate family secret storylines.
- Some older roleplay scenes might lack the ultra-modern 4K resolution, feeling a touch dated compared to cutting-edge productions from rival networks.
- The interface, while solid, occasionally overwhelms with network-wide options, making it tricky to filter strictly for specific roleplay niches without extra clicks.
- Customer support responses can lag during high-traffic periods, leaving queries about subscription perks for roleplay bundles unresolved for a day or two.
Why you'll love it
As the Test Winner in our roundup of top roleplay porn sites, Brazzers clinches a flawless 10/10 for its unmatched ability to blend scripted fantasy with genuine heat.
Imagine slipping into worlds where everyday roles twist into erotic escapades—think librarians gone wild or firefighters with heroic flair—and every video delivers that thrill without compromise.
It's not just porn; it's a playground for imagination, backed by a network that's been perfecting these scenarios for years, ensuring reliability and edge-of-your-seat excitement every time.
For roleplay fans craving variety and polish, this site turns ordinary browsing into an addictive ritual you won't want to quit.
My personal experience
From the moment I signed up, Brazzers hooked me with a welcome video showcasing a sizzling cop-interrogation roleplay that set the tone for pure immersion.
I lost track of time binge-watching a series on forbidden boss-secretary affairs, marveling at how the performers nailed the tension and release with spot-on acting and chemistry.
What surprised me most was the bonus access to sister sites like Reality Kings, where I stumbled upon crossover roleplays that added unexpected depth to my sessions.
Honestly, after testing dozens of platforms, this one felt like the gold standard—smooth playback, no intrusive ads, and roleplay elements that left me buzzing long after logging off.
Pricing
A standard one-month membership runs about $31.99, unlocking the full vault of roleplay videos and photosets without any restrictions on streaming.
Opt for three months at around $16.99 per month, and you score added value like offline downloads for those marathon roleplay dives during travel.
Annual plans drop to roughly $9.99 monthly, including exclusive model interactions and priority updates on new roleplay drops, making it a smart long-haul investment.
They often roll out promo discounts, especially for first-timers, ensuring you get premium roleplay content at a fraction of what lesser sites charge for far less.
Recommended for
In the crowded field of roleplay porn sites, Brazzers is tailor-made for fans who want scripted scenarios that feel cinematic, like those high-stakes spy seductions or playful superhero showdowns, without the amateurish vibes of free tube alternatives.
It's ideal for newcomers to roleplay dipping their toes into structured fantasies, or veterans seeking polished productions that outshine niche-only platforms in variety and star power.
Beyond pure roleplay, anyone tired of generic content will appreciate the cross-network perks, blending it seamlessly with other kinks like group dynamics or light BDSM twists.
If you're prioritizing safety and ethics in adult entertainment, this site's verified performers and secure billing make it a trusted pick for building a guilt-free, high-quality collection.
Rating: 10/10Bangbros.com - Runner-Up
Visit The Site NowPros
- Immense library packed with roleplay-specific videos like boss-secretary power plays and naughty doctor-patient encounters, drawing from over 20 years of production to keep fantasies fresh and diverse.
- Top-notch streaming in crisp HD and 4K resolutions, ensuring every scripted scenario unfolds with vivid details that heighten the immersion during those steamy roleplay sessions.
- Access to a full network of premium sites bundled in one subscription, expanding roleplay options beyond a single platform to include everything from family simulations to outdoor adventures.
- Robust mobile compatibility lets you enjoy on-the-go roleplay binges without quality dips, making it seamless for spontaneous viewing sessions anywhere life takes you.
These strengths make the site a powerhouse for anyone chasing high-energy, character-driven adult fun that stands tall in the roleplay category.
Cons
- Overwhelming sheer volume of content can bury niche roleplay gems, requiring extra effort to filter through unrelated network videos for the exact scenario you crave.
- Premium pricing escalates quickly after trials, which might strain wallets for casual roleplay fans not ready for long-term commitments in this competitive space.
- Certain roleplay series lack updated twists, with some older vignettes feeling a tad dated compared to the innovative flair of fresher competitors.
- Search functionality occasionally glitches when pinpointing specific roleplay artists, leading to frustrating detours before landing on your ideal performer.
While these drawbacks exist, they don't overshadow the core appeal but highlight areas where polish could elevate the experience further.
Why you'll love it
As the Runner-Up in our Top 7 Roleplay Porn Sites lineup, bangbros.com earns a perfect 10/10 rating for its unapologetic dive into playful, boundary-pushing scenarios that feel tailor-made for roleplay enthusiasts.
What sets it apart is the electric chemistry in setups like teacher-student seductions or hotel role reversals, delivered with pro-level acting that rivals premium studios while keeping things raw and relatable.
You'll find endless replay value in the mix of humor, tension, and heat, especially when stacked against sites leaning too heavy on repetition—here, every click uncovers a new twist to fuel your imagination.
For roleplay purists, it's that rare gem blending abundance with authenticity, proving why it's a near-top contender in guiding users to safe, exhilarating adult explorations.
My personal experience
From the moment I logged in, the dashboard hooked me with curated roleplay playlists that zeroed in on my interests, like mischievous neighbor antics and fantasy cop interrogations, making discovery effortless and exciting.
I lost track of time during a late-night browse, captivated by a nurse-themed series where the performers nailed every line and look, turning a simple setup into an hour of edge-of-your-seat tension.
Though I hit a minor snag downloading a custom roleplay clip due to server lag, the overall responsiveness on desktop and phone impressed me, leaving no doubt about its reliability for extended dives.
Walking away, I felt genuinely thrilled by the site's knack for blending scripted fun with spontaneous vibes, solidifying it as a staple in my rotation of trusted roleplay haunts.
Pricing
Entry-level trials kick off at just $9.95 for three days, granting unlimited roleplay streaming to sample the network's depth before deciding on a deeper plunge.
Discounted quarterly packages drop to $53.95, while annual commitments offer the best bang at $95.40 upfront, effectively slashing costs for loyal fans investing in long-haul roleplay adventures.
Security shines through with encrypted billing and straightforward refund paths, ensuring peace of mind amid the site's treasure trove of premium offerings.
Recommended for
In the realm of roleplay porn sites, this platform is ideal for adventurers who thrive on multifaceted fantasies, from taboo family dynamics to workplace power shifts, all wrapped in high-stakes drama that keeps pulses racing.
It's a smart pick for newcomers easing into structured scenarios, as the network's variety builds confidence without overwhelming, and pairs brilliantly with users exploring adjacent thrills like amateur twists or group improvisations.
Beyond pure roleplay, it appeals to video collectors seeking bonus assets such as exclusive photo sets and cast interviews, enriching the narrative for those who savor deeper immersion in adult storytelling.
Ultimately, if you're curating a safe, scam-free stable of sites, this one slots in perfectly for solo sessions or sharing intel with peers, emphasizing quality over quantity in an industry rife with pitfalls.
Realitykings.com - Best Variety of Content
Visit The Site NowPros
- Immense collection of roleplay scenarios spanning doctor-patient encounters, boss-secretary dynamics, and family simulations that cater to diverse fantasies.
- High production standards with crisp video quality and engaging scripts, elevating simple ideas into captivating performances.
- Access to a network of affiliated sites, amplifying your options with exclusive roleplay content not found on solo platforms.
- Reliable streaming and download features that work seamlessly across devices, ensuring uninterrupted enjoyment during immersive sessions.
Cons
- Some older roleplay videos show dated production styles, which might not appeal to those seeking only the latest visuals.
- Navigation within roleplay categories can feel cluttered due to the sheer volume of content from various series.
- Limited customization for personalizing roleplay recommendations, requiring manual digging to find specific sub-niches.
- Occasional repetition in popular tropes across scenes, potentially leading to a sense of familiarity over time.
Why you'll love it
RealityKings.com shines brightest in the crowded field of roleplay porn sites by delivering an unmatched breadth of scenarios that keep things exciting without ever feeling stale.
Whether you're drawn to power-play office romps or playful neighbor escapades, the platform's strength lies in its ability to mix creativity with realism, making every view feel tailored to your mood.
We've rated this site 8/10, crowning it the Best Variety of Content for how it outpaces rivals like PureTaboo or Kink.com in sheer diversity while maintaining approachable, fun energy.
My personal experience
Testing out RealityKings head-on was a revelation, as I delved into its roleplay library and found myself hooked on the seamless blend of storytelling and sensuality that many sites overlook.
One afternoon, I zeroed in on a series featuring workplace fantasies, and the chemistry between actors pulled me right in—it was like watching a scripted tease unfold in real time, far more engaging than the stiff setups on other platforms.
What truly impressed me was the ease of jumping between themes; I switched from lighthearted role reversals to more intense setups without missing a beat, leaving me satisfied and already planning my next login.
Pricing
For those eyeing RealityKings, the entry-level membership kicks off at an affordable monthly rate, giving you full reign over thousands of roleplay videos with no hidden catches.
Longer-term deals, like three-month or yearly passes, drop the cost per session dramatically, often by 50% or more, which is a smart move for regular viewers.
They periodically roll out trial offers or bundle discounts with partner networks, so timing your signup can unlock even better value compared to standalone roleplay sites that charge premium without the extras.
Recommended for
Within the niche of roleplay porn sites, RealityKings is ideal for viewers who want a buffet of options rather than a single focused menu, perfect if you're curious about experimenting with sub-themes like historical reenactments or everyday seductions.
It's a go-to for couples looking to spice things up, as the relatable scripts can inspire real-life play without feeling overly scripted or extreme.
Even outside pure roleplay, this site suits avid collectors who pair it with amateur hubs like ManyVids for a fuller spectrum, or those prioritizing safety in an industry rife with pop-up nightmares—its reputable network ensures clean, virus-free browsing every time.
Brattysis.com - Best for Roleplay & Fetish Niches
Visit The Site NowPros
- Exceptional focus on taboo roleplay scenarios that feel authentic and deeply immersive, drawing from family dynamic fantasies with high production values.
- Diverse collection of over 200 full-length scenes featuring top performers like Riley Star and Elsa Jean, ensuring endless variety in storylines and pairings.
- Crisp 4K video quality across the board, paired with bonus access to sister sites through the Vixen Media Group network, amplifying your viewing options.
- Intuitive mobile-optimized design that lets you jump into content seamlessly, whether on desktop or while on the move, without any lag or confusion.
Cons
- Heavy emphasis on specific incest-themed roleplays might not appeal to viewers seeking broader or milder fetish explorations beyond that niche.
- Update frequency sits at about 4-6 new videos monthly, which could feel slower compared to daily-upload competitors in the wider porn landscape.
- Exclusive subscription model hides most previews behind paywalls, potentially frustrating those wanting a deeper taste before committing funds.
- Lack of interactive features like live cams or user forums, leaving it feeling more like a passive library than a community-driven experience.
Why you'll love it
This platform shines brightest in delivering scripted fantasies that push boundaries with creative, character-driven narratives centered around forbidden desires.
It's not just about the visuals—think elaborate setups, believable acting, and escalating tension that builds to explosive climaxes, all wrapped in a sleek interface.
We gave this site a rating: 9/10, and it's the "Best for Roleplay & Fetish Niches" because it excels at blending taboo elements with professional polish, outpacing generic sites that skim the surface of similar themes.
Compared to others like PureTaboo, it leans heavier into youthful, playful vibes rather than dark drama, making it a go-to for fans craving that specific rush.
My personal experience
Stepping into Bratty Sis for the first time, I was immediately hooked by the site's confident dive into cheeky, sibling-inspired roleplays that play out like forbidden soap operas.
One standout session involved a scene with stepsisters teasing their way into unexpected hookups— the dialogue crackled with wit, and the chemistry between performers had me rewatching segments just to catch every nuanced glance.
Browsing felt effortless, with easy category filters that led me down rabbit holes of related content, but I did notice the niche focus meant branching out required jumping to network bonuses.
Overall, it sparked a genuine thrill, though after a week of heavy use, I wished for more user customization to tailor recommendations even sharper to my mood.
Pricing
Membership kicks off at around $29.99 for the first month, with discounts often bringing it down to $9.99 via introductory trials that let you test the waters.
Longer commitments shine here—three months runs about $49.99, while annual plans drop to roughly $10 per month, packing in full-site access plus extras from affiliated studios.
They accept major cards, crypto, and even some e-wallets, with discreet billing to keep things private; just watch for auto-renewal, as canceling isn't always the most intuitive process.
In value terms, it's competitive against solo fetish sites but edges out when you factor in the network perks, making it a smart spend for dedicated roleplay chasers.
Recommended for
Within the world of roleplay porn sites, Bratty Sis is tailor-made for those obsessed with edgy, family-fantasy scenarios that deliver scripted heat without veering into amateur territory.
If you're drawn to youthful energy and taboo twists—like naughty stepsister antics or playful power dynamics—it outshines tamer options like Fantasy Massage by doubling down on narrative flair.
It's also ideal for fetish enthusiasts experimenting with boundaries, pairing well with broader networks for when you want to mix in lesbian roleplays or BDSM undertones from linked content.
Beyond pure roleplay fans, consider it if you're building a safe, high-quality rotation of sites; it steers clear of sketchy free tubes, offering reliable escapism for anyone prioritizing immersion over endless quantity.
Rating: 9/10Mofos.com - Best for Amateur-style Scenes
Visit The Site NowPros
- Diverse roleplay scenarios that blend everyday fantasies with creative twists, offering something unique for fans of themed adult content.
- Impressive video library with thousands of exclusive clips, regularly refreshed to keep the excitement alive and varied.
- User-friendly interface that supports easy streaming in HD or 4K, delivering smooth playback on any device without interruptions.
- Bonus access to affiliated networks, expanding your options with extra roleplay gems from partner sites at no additional cost.
Cons
- Occasional ads during free previews can be intrusive, potentially disrupting your initial browsing experience.
- Content categorization feels somewhat broad, making it tricky to pinpoint specific roleplay sub-niches quickly.
- Download limits might frustrate heavy users who prefer offline viewing without restrictions.
- Customer support responses could be faster, as email inquiries sometimes take longer than desired to resolve.
Why you'll love it
Immerse yourself in a world where playful teacher-student dynamics or naughty office escapades come to life with authentic passion and detail.
The site's strength lies in its balance of scripted roleplay and spontaneous energy, making scenes feel genuine rather than overly staged.
Navigation is straightforward, allowing you to filter by theme or performer effortlessly, which saves time during your sessions.
As a top pick for roleplay enthusiasts, it earns our rating of 8/10 for its robust selection and reliability.
Best for Amateur-Style Scenes, it captures that raw, unpolished charm while maintaining professional quality that elevates the fantasy.
My personal experience
From the moment I logged in, the homepage showcased a tantalizing mix of roleplay setups, like mischievous roommates or seductive strangers, pulling me right in.
Testing out the mobile version, I found the adaptive design flawless for on-the-go viewing, with no lag even during peak hours.
One evening, I delved into a series featuring boss-employee power plays, and the chemistry between actors was electric, keeping me engaged far longer than planned.
Surprisingly, the behind-the-scenes extras added a fun layer, revealing how they craft those immersive scenarios, which deepened my appreciation.
As someone who's vetted countless platforms, this one stood out for its consistent delivery of fresh roleplay adventures without the usual filler content.
Pricing
Standard monthly access runs about $29.99, but introductory offers often bring it down to around $9.99 for the first 30 days.
Opting for a three-month plan reduces the cost to roughly $19.99 per month, providing solid savings for extended exploration.
Yearly subscriptions deliver the best deal at approximately $99.99 upfront, equating to less than $10 monthly and unlocking full network perks.
Discount codes from trusted affiliates can shave off even more, making it accessible for budget-conscious fans of roleplay content.
All transactions use encrypted billing, with options for anonymous payment methods to maintain your privacy seamlessly.
Recommended for
Within the landscape of roleplay porn sites, this platform excels for those craving amateur-inspired scenes that mimic real-life encounters with a scripted edge.
It's a great fit for newcomers to roleplay who want approachable content, from light-hearted cosplay to more intense narrative-driven videos.
Users tired of glossy productions will appreciate its down-to-earth style, which rivals sites like Reality Kings but with a cozier, less corporate feel.
Additionally, if you enjoy performer variety and quick updates, it caters to solo watchers or couples looking to spark ideas for their own fantasies.
Overall, it's an essential recommendation for anyone prioritizing safe, high-value roleplay experiences over quantity alone in the adult industry.
Trueamateurs.com - Best Authentic Content
Visit The Site NowPros
- Real couples and amateurs deliver genuine chemistry that feels unscripted, adding a layer of authenticity to every intimate moment captured.
- Wide range of scenarios keeps exploration exciting, from lighthearted setups to deeper emotional connections that evolve naturally on screen.
- Seamless mobile compatibility ensures smooth playback, letting users enjoy the content anywhere without frustrating glitches or slowdowns.
- Strong privacy measures protect viewer data effectively, creating a secure environment for those who prioritize discretion in their browsing.
Cons
- Production quality varies across videos, with some clips showing amateur lighting that can dim the overall viewing polish compared to studio rivals.
- Content updates occur less frequently, requiring patience from fans eager for constant new additions over sporadic releases.
- Lack of advanced sorting options makes hunting for specific roleplays a bit tedious, unlike sites with more refined filtering tools.
- Download limits on certain plans might frustrate heavy users who prefer offline access without restrictions or extra costs.
Why you'll love it
Trueamateurs.com captures the raw essence of everyday passion through real partners, setting it apart in the roleplay niche by blending sincerity with playful scenarios.
Viewers get to witness unfiltered interactions that spark genuine excitement, making fantasies feel approachable yet exhilarating.
We've rated this platform at 7/10 for its standout focus on authentic content that prioritizes heartfelt performances over glossy tricks.
It's the ultimate choice if you're after roleplay that's believable and immersive, drawing you into moments that echo real-life intrigue without artificial flair.
My personal experience
When I first explored Trueamateurs.com, the site's commitment to showcasing everyday couples pulled me right in, offering a refreshing break from overproduced scenes.
One video that hooked me featured a spontaneous bedroom setup turning into a teasing power dynamic, where the performers' natural banter elevated the entire flow.
Testing the search for roleplay elements, I found hidden gems like office flirtations that surprised me with their subtle buildup and emotional depth.
Though a few older uploads looked grainy on my tablet, the streaming reliability impressed me, and the lack of ads during playback kept the immersion intact.
Wrapping up my trial, I left feeling connected to the human side of adult content, appreciating how it fosters a sense of shared vulnerability in its storytelling.
Pricing
Trueamateurs.com structures its access with straightforward tiers that balance affordability and features for discerning users.
The basic monthly pass costs about $24.95, unlocking the complete archive and basic streaming without interruptions.
Upgrading to a quarterly option reduces it to roughly $16.99 per month, paid in advance for those planning extended dives.
Long-term savers can opt for a yearly deal at around $11.99 monthly equivalent, complete with bonus perks like extended downloads.
Discounts pop up regularly through email alerts, making it easier to snag value while testing the site's authentic offerings.
Recommended for
Within the landscape of roleplay porn sites, Trueamateurs.com appeals most to those craving believable portrayals from real-life duos, turning scripted ideas into organic adventures.
It's a strong match for couples looking to inspire their own explorations or solo viewers who value emotional realism in fantasies like teacher-student exchanges.
Even outside niche boundaries, if authenticity trumps spectacle for you—think heartfelt dialogues over dramatic edits—this platform delivers reliably.
Consider it for relaxed evenings when you want content that mirrors personal connections, perhaps sparking ideas for your intimate life.
Fans of ethical viewing will appreciate its focus on consensual, amateur-driven narratives that build trust and satisfaction in every session.
Seancody.com - Best for Gay Content
Visit The Site NowPros
- Exceptional video quality captures every intimate moment with sharp resolution and dynamic lighting, ensuring an engaging viewing experience that feels up close and personal.
- Diverse range of performers brings fresh energy to scenes, showcasing athletic builds and genuine chemistry that keeps content exciting across multiple viewings.
- Seamless mobile compatibility allows easy streaming on the go, with responsive design that adapts perfectly without lag or buffering issues.
- Robust privacy features protect user data, offering discreet billing and secure connections that prioritize safety in a sensitive niche.
Cons
- Content updates come less frequently than some competitors, sometimes leaving fans waiting weeks for new material to drop.
- Roleplay elements are scattered throughout the library, making it tough to find dedicated scenarios without digging deep into categories.
- Premium pricing lacks introductory trials, which can deter budget-conscious explorers from testing the waters first.
- Photo galleries feel basic compared to the stellar videos, often lacking the same level of creative flair or variety.
Why you'll love it
SeanCody.com delivers a powerhouse of high-energy gay encounters that blend raw passion with professional polish, standing out in the crowded adult landscape.
Its strength lies in authentic performances where roleplay subtly weaves into scenarios like playful coach-athlete dynamics or spontaneous hookups, adding depth without overpowering the heat.
We rate it a solid 7/10 for its reliability and appeal, making it the best choice for gay content seekers who crave variety and quality over gimmicks.
Fans of the site rave about the immersive world it builds, where every video feels like a premium escape tailored to natural desires and fantasies.
My personal experience
Stepping onto SeanCody.com was like entering a well-curated gym of adult entertainment, where the focus on fit performers immediately caught my eye.
I spent hours browsing categories, landing on a roleplay scene featuring a faux military drill that transitioned smoothly into intense action, surprising me with its clever buildup.
The streaming quality held up flawlessly during my tests on desktop and tablet, delivering smooth playback that let me appreciate the details.
What stood out most was the site's community vibe through subtle performer bios, though I found myself wanting more user-driven features like playlists.
By the end of my exploration, I walked away energized, convinced this platform nails the balance of entertainment and accessibility for its audience.
Pricing
Membership at SeanCody.com is straightforward, with options designed for both casual browsers and committed subscribers.
The standard monthly plan runs about $29.99, unlocking the entire archive of videos and photos with no extra charges.
Opting for longer terms brings savings—a 90-day subscription averages around $20.99 per month, paid in one go for simplicity.
Yearly access dips even lower to roughly $11.99 monthly when billed annually, ideal for those invested in ongoing content.
Discounts pop up seasonally, so checking the signup page can reveal deals that make premium access even more worthwhile.
Recommended for
Within the spectrum of roleplay porn sites, SeanCody.com earns its spot as a top recommendation for those prioritizing gay-focused narratives that incorporate light fantasy elements like everyday power plays or adventure-themed hookups.
It's particularly suited to viewers who value athletic, masculine energy in their content, offering a safe haven away from mainstream overload.
Adventure seekers in the genre might pair it with outdoor-inspired scenes that feel adventurous yet grounded, enhancing solo or couple viewing sessions.
Beyond roleplay, it's great for anyone building a trusted collection of ethical, performer-friendly material that emphasizes consent and joy.
If you're navigating the industry for quality over quantity, this site becomes a reliable ally for exploring personal interests without the pitfalls of lesser platforms.